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Glossary

• Addition: Finely-divided inorganic material used in concrete in order to improve certain properties or to achieve special properties. Two types of inorganic additions are nearly-inert additions (Type I) and pozzolanic or latent hydraulic additions (Type II).

• Admixture: Material added during the mixing process of concrete, in small quantities related to the mass of cementitious binder, in order to modify the properties of fresh or hardened concrete.

• Binder: The combined cement and Type II addition.

• Filling ability: The ability of fresh concrete to flow into and fill all spaces within the formwork, under its own weight.

• Fines: See Powder

• Flowability: The ease of flow of fresh concrete when unconfined by formwork and/or reinforcement.

• Fluidity: The ease of flow of fresh concrete.

• Mortar: The fraction of the concrete comprising paste, plus those aggregates less than 4 mm.

• Paste: The fraction of the concrete comprising powder, water, and air, plus admixture if applicable.

• Passing ability: The ability of fresh concrete to flow through tight openings, such as spaces between steel reinforcing bars, without segregation or blocking.

• Powder (Fines): Material of particle size smaller than 0.125 mm. Note: It includes this size particle in the cement, additions, and aggregate.

• Proprietary concrete: Concrete for which the producer assures the performance subject to good practice in placing, compaction, and curing, and for which the producer is not required to declare the composition.

• Robustness: The capacity of concrete to retain its fresh properties when small variations in the properties or quantities of the constituent materials occur.

• Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC): Concrete that is able to flow and consolidate/compact under its own weight, completely fill the formwork even in the presence of dense reinforcement, whilst maintaining homogeneity and without the need for any additional compaction.

• Segregation of resistance: The ability of concrete to remain homogeneous in composition while in its fresh state.

• Slump-Flow: The mean diameter of the spread of fresh concrete using a conventional slump cone.

• Thixotropy: The tendency of a material to progressively lose fluidity when allowed to rest undisturbed, but to regain its fluidity when energy is applied.

• Viscosity: The resistance to flow of a material once flow has started. Note: In SCC, it can be related to the speed of flow in the Slump-Flow test, or the efflux time in the V-Funnel test.

• Viscosity-Modifying Admixture (VMA): Admixture added to fresh concrete to increase cohesion and segregation resistance.

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